Gelsons Dad said:
dxbroy said:
With the greatest respect GD, I have to ask, do engines have their own transponders? I doubt it somehow (where would the antennas be installed, for example (777 engines are mounted on pylons below the wing so no line of sight to a satellite), do they have their own battery supply?). If the onboard communications systems were disabled then how the ferk could Rolls Royce know how long the engines were running? Perhaps Rolls Royce could offer a GPS upgrade option so that they could be reporting the location of the engines independently of the rest of the aircraft?
I would assume that several different performance indicators from the aircraft systems would be aggregated into a common data stream (telemetry) that would then be sent as a burst of data over the available satellite link? HF is an option but would only allow low speed data transmission.
Your last assumption is correct. The data is sent via satcom where it piggybacks on the ACARS network to various end users. However, if you haven't subscribed to the service when your system tries to handshake with the satellite it is rejected. The term "ping" is being used by the media to describe the handshake signal transmitted from the aircraft.
Thus the cheeky Malaysians are not lying when they say no more acars data was sent. But what they are not admitting is that the aircraft was trying to but they didn't pay for the service so the data wasn't sent.
There are lots of multi spectrum receivers which will have heard the "ping" the military term for the assets that listen for this is ELINT.
I would expect the satellite to still be 'transponding' the data whether the owners have paid for a subscription or not, the aircraft would still be transmitting data within the uplink frequency and, again an assumption on my part, the header data containing the originating aircraft's identifier would still be processed. The satellite itself is a 'dumb' device, whatever appears in the uplink will be translated into the downlink, processing of the data is a ground based function after the data arrives at an earth station (in satellite communication terms).
To put it another way, a mobile phone can still make an emergency call even if the owner hasn't paid the bill; the satellite system will still be transferring data whether the aircrafts owners have paid for a service or not, so there should not be a situation where only Rolls Royce are receiving data from the satellite. To do this, the data would be transferred across the terrestrial fibre network from an earth station to the data processing centre. For example, the data could be going through Inmarsat Indian Ocean which is out of line of sight range from the Rolls Royce processing centre (Chester?) and would either need to be transferred through another satellite (Atlantic Ocean East?) or more likely in the fibre network.
There are lots of ways to receive data from an aircraft in flight, but unless the 'multi spectrum receiver' is within line of sight range of the aircraft it has to be listening on the downlink frequencies from the satellite.
Satellites are linear devices, whatever goes in on the uplink comes out on the downlink, all the clever stuff happens later. If the smart stuff was in the satellite itself it would soon become obsolete, it costs too much to put these things in orbit to be replacing them every time someone comes up with a more advanced data transmission scheme.
I'm trying not to get too technical here but for example, the satellite could be launched when 64QAM is a common modulation scheme but within it's 15 or so years anticipated lifetime it would be expected to handle 128, 256, 512 QAM modulation schemes, these are all schemes that are around now and the higher level schemes weren't in common use even 5 years ago. If the satellite wasn't a linear device then it wouldn't be a lot of use after say 5 years. I'm not saying these schemes are in use on the civilian satellites, or even the military for that matter but I hope I've got the concept across here. What happens is that 64QAM can transmit say 100Mbit/s in an available satellite (RF) bandwidth, 128QAM would allow 200Mbit/s in the same bandwidth, 256QAM 400Mbit/s and so on, doubling the data transfer rate each time the modulation scheme increases.
I have to say that although I have worked on satellite systems I haven't done so recently, I work on terrestrial microwave links that do use the modulation schemes I am referring to (and higher). On those systems the higher modulation schemes need a more robust transmission system so eventually the technology does go beyond the capability of the older 'state of the art' devices and they do need replacement.
Or to put it another way, we have technology that allows a consumer to watch movies on his / her phone whilst on a tube train, I'm quite sure we could identify data from any aircraft if it appears in the uplink of a communication satellite (what goes up must come down).
Time for bed, 55 today.