For more on that, see this acclaimed book.
Here's an extract from it.
'The characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder are well-known: a grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness; an exhibitionistic need for constant attention and admiration; a lack of empathy and an inability to recognize how others feel; disregard for the personal integrity and rights of others; and relationships marked by a sense of entitlement and the exploitation of others...whose minds are structured to convince them of their own superiority and for whom the idea of equality is literally inconceivable.
....Narcissists love and admire themselves for qualities for which there is no adequate foundation. Their apparent self-confidence arises from the fact that their mental stability depends on their believing in, and projecting an image of superiority...As the myth [of Narcissus] conveys, the core of narcissistic personality disorder is the obsession with an image of perfection and the absence of an authentic sense of self-worth. The narcissist's deep insecurity compels him to engage in continual exhibitionism, seeking constant attention and approval. But like the child who fears his exhibitionism will be met with ridicule, the narcissist is constantly living in fear of humiliation and shame. Should his perfect image of himself be exposed as a sham, he, like Narcissus, would die of sadness. More often, however, he flies into fits of narcissistic rage in order to keep his unstable personality structure intact.
A quirk of their psychology also means that narcissists can come across as intelligent and articulate. Because of their absolute conviction that they are always right, narcissists seldom trouble themselves with understanding other people's views. They are often incapable of listening and synthesising others' ideas with their own in order to create something new. Bereft of creativity, they excel as masters of destruction. In discussion and debate, their objective is not to reach a rational or objective conclusion, or to work together to reach a compromise. Their objective is simply to demonstrate their own superiority...Generally, narcissists do not hold onto any particular belief or consistent position...They can therefore constantly shift their stated position and adhere to this altered position as doggedly as before.
This combination of rigid certainty (they are superior to others and therefore must be right) and blatant inconsistency (shifting their position moment to moment) makes it extremely difficult for others to counteract their arguments. As a result, narcissists often come across as being intelligent, articulate and skilful negotiators - the ultimate triumph of style over substance.
The narcissist's belief that they are always right and others are always wrong means that they invariably dismiss other people's arguments with contempt. Anyone who dares to disagree with them shows themselves to not only be intellectually inferior but also as having the impertinence to question their superior knowledge. They are therefore likely to react to anyone who challenges them with active or passive aggression...
Narcissists exert a disproportionate influence on society because a number of characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder means that they are more likely to reach positions of authority than those with normal psychology. Their abiding self-confidence, their absolute certainty in their beliefs and abilities, and their sense of entitlement to positions of authority over others, means that they pursue power and authority with a passion that most others like. Their energy, doggedness, and drive - which masks an overpowering need to triumph and an inability to accept defeat - often propel them to positions of power.'
Psychopathy and paranoia are two further traits that are associated with some of the authoritarian despots that we know from history. I would very tentatively speculate that Putin might exhibit those two attributes to an extent, though I have never read a psychological profile of the guy. However, Trump is the epitome of narcissism.