Brilliant but simple inventions

What was it called in the colder regions before people first saw the fruit? Did the fruit arrive first or did the colour?

Ancient artefacts recently discovered within the Arctic circle included an unopened pack of Crayola crayons.
According to expert research, the crayon coloured what we now call orange, actually tasted like the fruit orange, but was somewhat bizarrely labelled as the colour 'yellowy reddish'.
Apparently, the name was changed to orange after the fruit was introduced to warmer climes to avoid possible confusion between the fruit and members of the Far Eastern community living in the north of Stockport.
This perhaps explains why unsupervised young children tend to eat crayons.

What interesting times we live in...
 
Brian Cox’s says writing is our greatest invention.

‘Building civilizations requires not just one but many brains working together. And it was this coming together of minds that led to an innovation that changed who we are forever:
In 1993 archeologists discovered a set of around 150 Nabatean scrolls and they date from the last days of Petra as an occupied city around 550 AD. The most intact document is a court case between two priests who lived together.

One of the priests decided to run away and he stole from the house, according to the scroll: a key to the upstairs rooms, two wooden beams that presumably held the roof up, six birds and a table. (So, he was a bit like a Nabatean Father Ted).

Now, mundane as it may seem, this is probably how writing began. The greatest invention in the history of human civilization probably arose for admin purposes.

With writing, came Literature, Science, Mathematics and Engineering. And as time passed so the information held in the written word grew and evolved.

Writing is such an important innovation because it freed the acquisition of knowledge from the limits of the human memory.

Once we could write things down, an almost unlimited amount of information could be passed not only from generation to generation but from city to city, from country to country, across oceans, across the world. Knowledge became widespread, accessible and permanent. Never lost and always added to.

Writing created a cultural ratchet, an exponentiation of the known, which ultimately led us to the stars.

Minutes before being the first human to go into space, Yuri Gagarin gave a speech:
"You must realise that it is hard to express my feeling now that the test for which we have been training long and passionately is at hand. I don't have to tell you what I felt when it was suggested that I should make this flight, the first in history. Was it joy? No, it was something more than that. Pride? No, it was not just pride. I felt great happiness. To be the first to enter the cosmos, to engage single handed in an unprecedented duel with nature - could anyone dream of anything greater than that? But immediately after that I thought of the tremendous responsibility I bore: to be the first to do what generations of people had dreamed of; to be the first to pave the way into space for mankind."

On the 12th April, 1961 we became a space faring civilisation.

The technology that brings the three astronauts and Soyus spacecraft back to earth and the physics that will guide them home is the culmination of hundreds of years of knowledge. Now, even I, just knowing a bit of physics, in my head can calculate exactly what the astronauts have to do to re-enter the earth's atmosphere.

All you need are the two laws written down first by Isaac Newton: F = MA and the Universal Law of Gravitation. Now what you can show from those, really simply, is that for a circular orbit, which is what the International Space Station is basically in, that the velocity flying along there is given by the square root of GM over R. Where M is the mass of the earth and R is the distance from the centre of the earth. And the equations tell you that to return to earth, all the astronauts need to do is reduce that velocity by 128 metres per second and gravity will do the rest. And here is the important thing, I can do that because I know those two equations.

Why do I know them? Because I read them in a textbook that was based on Newton's work, published in 1687. But, if I had to do that from scratch, if I had to come up with those two equations, it would never ever happen! Newton was a genius. He worked for decades on those equations. I would have no chance!

Newton famously said that he built his knowledge, his great laws on the shoulders of giants and indeed he did. It was Euclid, it was Dechert. It was the great mathematicians and geometers, not only of Newton's time and before, but Gallileo, stretching all the way back to Euclid and the Ancient Greeks. He got that knowledge from the written word, from books.

A single human lifetime ago, sixty or seventy years, this journey to space would have been unthinkable. But now, in the 21st Century it is routine. Four times a year astronauts make the journey from our permanent home in space back to planet earth. But to me, it's much more than that, because this, Space Travel, the Exploration of the Universe is the ultimate expression of a much grander journey. After almost 14 billion years of cosmic evolution and some 4 billion years of life on earth. The universe became conscious. Within just 200 thousand years, we humans have transformed ourselves beyond all recognition. We have built great civilizations, accumulated knowledge and technology. Until finally, Ape man became Space man. And like all journeys, like all great adventures our journey just began with a moment’.

Slow day at work today PC?

;-)
 
Ancient artefacts recently discovered within the Arctic circle included an unopened pack of Crayola crayons.
According to expert research, the crayon coloured what we now call orange, actually tasted like the fruit orange, but was somewhat bizarrely labelled as the colour 'yellowy reddish'.
Apparently, the name was changed to orange after the fruit was introduced to warmer climes to avoid possible confusion between the fruit and members of the Far Eastern community living in the north of Stockport.
This perhaps explains why unsupervised young children tend to eat crayons.

What interesting times we live in...
You learn some fascinating facts on BM.
 
Brian Cox’s says writing is our greatest invention.

‘Building civilizations requires not just one but many brains working together. And it was this coming together of minds that led to an innovation that changed who we are forever:
In 1993 archeologists discovered a set of around 150 Nabatean scrolls and they date from the last days of Petra as an occupied city around 550 AD. The most intact document is a court case between two priests who lived together.

One of the priests decided to run away and he stole from the house, according to the scroll: a key to the upstairs rooms, two wooden beams that presumably held the roof up, six birds and a table. (So, he was a bit like a Nabatean Father Ted).

Now, mundane as it may seem, this is probably how writing began. The greatest invention in the history of human civilization probably arose for admin purposes.

With writing, came Literature, Science, Mathematics and Engineering. And as time passed so the information held in the written word grew and evolved.

Writing is such an important innovation because it freed the acquisition of knowledge from the limits of the human memory.

Once we could write things down, an almost unlimited amount of information could be passed not only from generation to generation but from city to city, from country to country, across oceans, across the world. Knowledge became widespread, accessible and permanent. Never lost and always added to.

Writing created a cultural ratchet, an exponentiation of the known, which ultimately led us to the stars.

Minutes before being the first human to go into space, Yuri Gagarin gave a speech:
"You must realise that it is hard to express my feeling now that the test for which we have been training long and passionately is at hand. I don't have to tell you what I felt when it was suggested that I should make this flight, the first in history. Was it joy? No, it was something more than that. Pride? No, it was not just pride. I felt great happiness. To be the first to enter the cosmos, to engage single handed in an unprecedented duel with nature - could anyone dream of anything greater than that? But immediately after that I thought of the tremendous responsibility I bore: to be the first to do what generations of people had dreamed of; to be the first to pave the way into space for mankind."

On the 12th April, 1961 we became a space faring civilisation.

The technology that brings the three astronauts and Soyus spacecraft back to earth and the physics that will guide them home is the culmination of hundreds of years of knowledge. Now, even I, just knowing a bit of physics, in my head can calculate exactly what the astronauts have to do to re-enter the earth's atmosphere.

All you need are the two laws written down first by Isaac Newton: F = MA and the Universal Law of Gravitation. Now what you can show from those, really simply, is that for a circular orbit, which is what the International Space Station is basically in, that the velocity flying along there is given by the square root of GM over R. Where M is the mass of the earth and R is the distance from the centre of the earth. And the equations tell you that to return to earth, all the astronauts need to do is reduce that velocity by 128 metres per second and gravity will do the rest. And here is the important thing, I can do that because I know those two equations.

Why do I know them? Because I read them in a textbook that was based on Newton's work, published in 1687. But, if I had to do that from scratch, if I had to come up with those two equations, it would never ever happen! Newton was a genius. He worked for decades on those equations. I would have no chance!

Newton famously said that he built his knowledge, his great laws on the shoulders of giants and indeed he did. It was Euclid, it was Dechert. It was the great mathematicians and geometers, not only of Newton's time and before, but Gallileo, stretching all the way back to Euclid and the Ancient Greeks. He got that knowledge from the written word, from books.

A single human lifetime ago, sixty or seventy years, this journey to space would have been unthinkable. But now, in the 21st Century it is routine. Four times a year astronauts make the journey from our permanent home in space back to planet earth. But to me, it's much more than that, because this, Space Travel, the Exploration of the Universe is the ultimate expression of a much grander journey. After almost 14 billion years of cosmic evolution and some 4 billion years of life on earth. The universe became conscious. Within just 200 thousand years, we humans have transformed ourselves beyond all recognition. We have built great civilizations, accumulated knowledge and technology. Until finally, Ape man became Space man. And like all journeys, like all great adventures our journey just began with a moment’.

So what you’re saying is the greatest benefit of the written word is not being able to call someone a **** on the internet?
 
Brian Cox’s says writing is our greatest invention.

‘Building civilizations requires not just one but many brains working together. And it was this coming together of minds that led to an innovation that changed who we are forever:
In 1993 archeologists discovered a set of around 150 Nabatean scrolls and they date from the last days of Petra as an occupied city around 550 AD. The most intact document is a court case between two priests who lived together.

One of the priests decided to run away and he stole from the house, according to the scroll: a key to the upstairs rooms, two wooden beams that presumably held the roof up, six birds and a table. (So, he was a bit like a Nabatean Father Ted).

Now, mundane as it may seem, this is probably how writing began. The greatest invention in the history of human civilization probably arose for admin purposes.

With writing, came Literature, Science, Mathematics and Engineering. And as time passed so the information held in the written word grew and evolved.

Writing is such an important innovation because it freed the acquisition of knowledge from the limits of the human memory.

Once we could write things down, an almost unlimited amount of information could be passed not only from generation to generation but from city to city, from country to country, across oceans, across the world. Knowledge became widespread, accessible and permanent. Never lost and always added to.

Writing created a cultural ratchet, an exponentiation of the known, which ultimately led us to the stars.

Minutes before being the first human to go into space, Yuri Gagarin gave a speech:
"You must realise that it is hard to express my feeling now that the test for which we have been training long and passionately is at hand. I don't have to tell you what I felt when it was suggested that I should make this flight, the first in history. Was it joy? No, it was something more than that. Pride? No, it was not just pride. I felt great happiness. To be the first to enter the cosmos, to engage single handed in an unprecedented duel with nature - could anyone dream of anything greater than that? But immediately after that I thought of the tremendous responsibility I bore: to be the first to do what generations of people had dreamed of; to be the first to pave the way into space for mankind."

On the 12th April, 1961 we became a space faring civilisation.

The technology that brings the three astronauts and Soyus spacecraft back to earth and the physics that will guide them home is the culmination of hundreds of years of knowledge. Now, even I, just knowing a bit of physics, in my head can calculate exactly what the astronauts have to do to re-enter the earth's atmosphere.

All you need are the two laws written down first by Isaac Newton: F = MA and the Universal Law of Gravitation. Now what you can show from those, really simply, is that for a circular orbit, which is what the International Space Station is basically in, that the velocity flying along there is given by the square root of GM over R. Where M is the mass of the earth and R is the distance from the centre of the earth. And the equations tell you that to return to earth, all the astronauts need to do is reduce that velocity by 128 metres per second and gravity will do the rest. And here is the important thing, I can do that because I know those two equations.

Why do I know them? Because I read them in a textbook that was based on Newton's work, published in 1687. But, if I had to do that from scratch, if I had to come up with those two equations, it would never ever happen! Newton was a genius. He worked for decades on those equations. I would have no chance!

Newton famously said that he built his knowledge, his great laws on the shoulders of giants and indeed he did. It was Euclid, it was Dechert. It was the great mathematicians and geometers, not only of Newton's time and before, but Gallileo, stretching all the way back to Euclid and the Ancient Greeks. He got that knowledge from the written word, from books.

A single human lifetime ago, sixty or seventy years, this journey to space would have been unthinkable. But now, in the 21st Century it is routine. Four times a year astronauts make the journey from our permanent home in space back to planet earth. But to me, it's much more than that, because this, Space Travel, the Exploration of the Universe is the ultimate expression of a much grander journey. After almost 14 billion years of cosmic evolution and some 4 billion years of life on earth. The universe became conscious. Within just 200 thousand years, we humans have transformed ourselves beyond all recognition. We have built great civilizations, accumulated knowledge and technology. Until finally, Ape man became Space man. And like all journeys, like all great adventures our journey just began with a moment’.
Hmm dont trust him, he said things can only get better, look how thats worked out.

I would argue that the ability to create fire was far more important as it gave us the ability to cook food which means you can absorb more calories without expending as much energy digesting it. This ultimately led to brain development without which writing, mathematics and civilization would not have existed.
 

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