Jews, Christians and Muslims lived relatively peacefully, side by side in the region before the Zionists got a foothold in the lead up to the 1948 conflict.
Jews, Christians and Muslims lived relatively peacefully, side by side in the region before the Zionists started emigrating to the region in the 1800s. Although, Jews and Christians did have a lower ranking in society than Muslims in the Ottoman Empire and previous Islamic Caliphates. And there are instances where Jews were treated very poorly by Muslims in Ottoman times.
But also Arab Muslims called local long-standing Jews from the region
awlad al-bala (‘sons of the land’) and
yahud awlad al-arab (‘Jewish Arabs’). There are even (even if rare, they did happen) examples of them observing each others’ religious festivals and inter-marriage.
Also, the Ottoman Empire did invite persecuted Jews from Europe into their empire as they could provide greater safety and opportunities for them than they had in Europe.
Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry is originally from the Levant (displaced after centuries of Arab Muslim conquests) but they were seen as European immigrants by the Arab population, upon this return centuries later.
They didn’t like that these European Jews were different from the local Jews they’d lived beside for centuries, how they spoke Yiddish, had a different culture which they were keen to maintain and didn’t integrate into the local customs and traditions, and didn’t like that the Ottoman Empire invited these Jews in (sound familiar to what’s going on in Britain with regards to all immigration now?).
There was a fairly recent time where Palestian Nationalism had never existed. Arab Muslims were actually part of a Pan-Arab and even Pan-Syrian movement, and the idea of Palestine as a country and Palestinian Nationalism wasn’t even a ‘thing’. Both Zionism and Palestinian Nationalism came into the Levant from and as a result of these outsiders. Zionism was an Ashkenazi/European/North African (the Jews who were persecuted elsewhere) idea and Palestinian Nationalism was a situational reaction to Zionism.
Zionist immigrant population growth saw areas become mainly Askenazi Jewish and segregated, with place names changing from Arabic into Hebrew. What was anti-immigration became anti-Zionism. There were riots and attacks where Askanazi Jews were targeted and killed by the Arab Muslim population of these areas of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s. Then incidents like the Hebron Massacre in 1929, or the Arab Revolt in 1936, were seen.
I do sympathise with the original idea of Zionism because Jews did seem to be persecuted everywhere they were and everywhere they went (Jews were expelled from England back in 1290, for example). If any European Jews went to the Homeland and saw how Arab Jews lived, they probably thought the idea of Jews migrating back to the Homeland was a good idea.
The thing is now, extremist Zionism and Palestinian Nationalism and Islamic extremism is too entrenched in the region so it’s probably too difficult to diminish those extremist ideas from the scene.
The one good thing is the example of 1.8m Muslims who currently live within Israel who have relatively few issues and more rights as citizens than those in Gaza and West Bank. But I can’t see Palestinian Nationalists accepting Gaza and West Bank becoming part of Israel, even though they’d be treated much better if they were.