Palestine didn't exit itself till 1917. A creation of the British Empire resembling the similar Roman Province and the Kingdom of Jordan - One of the British Empires allies in WW1.
The Ottoman Empire spit things very differently and there were multiple ethnic groupings.
en.m.wikipedia.org
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Historical evidence:
The Greek Herodotus recorded of Palaistin in 5BC both from his first-hand accounts and in his reference to Egyptians and ancient Egypt scripts of the Peleset in 1120BC and then after Palashtu in 800BC. At the same time, Herodotus records did not mention once of Israel.
If those archived records are not sufficient, and you refer all the way back to the Egyptian stele, which is the earliest evidence, read below:
Ancient jew artifacts didn’t go as ancient as ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Hence why Israeli historians refer to the Merneptah Stele, as the only ancient Egypt historical reference to counter the hieroglyphs of Peleset and dated 1209BC.
The issue with referring to the Merneptah Stele however is contradictory by 3 main readings of the Stele.
1. Line 26-27 of the Merneptah Stele is of “iisii-r-iar”. Thus pro-Israel historians conclude as representing ‘Israel’. However, translating the term “iisii-r-iar” define the ancient Egyptian phrase “those exiled because of their sin”. Simply, before the pronunciation of Israel means Isreal, in ancient Egypt isi-r-iar means those exiled because of their sin.
2. That same line, the hieroglyph of ‘aa’ is rather blurry (because of natural erosion) and the vulture (hence aa for iar) is very similar to the owl (hence r for r-em). “those exiled because of their sin”, when transliterated as r-em instead or r-iar, is of people and crying because r-em in ancient Egypt means ‘tears’. Simply the hieroglyph either states as ‘those exiled because of their sins’ or ‘tears’.
3. Referring to the same line also refers to the two people sat on 3 grains. Transliteration is that iisii-r-ar OR r-em refers to people, not land, because in ancient Egypt the reference of people above grains are of nomadic tribes, not a civilization.
The Merneptah stele is the only stele that mentions iisii-r-iar (or iisii-r-em). In contrast, the ancient Egyptians mentioned Peleset in 4 different steles. All 4 steles have far better preserved than the Merneptah. The ancient Egyptians referred to the Peleset as the invading sea people who conquered and civilized the Eastern coast.
If playing by the book of who owns that territory, it’s the ancient Egyptians. If debating on who is the rightful owner, the ancient Egyptians. Not the Palestine Peleset (who invaded Egyptian coast).