twinkletoes said:
Cheers for that. One more thing if you don't mind. Have you heard about JP Morgan rigging the silver market?
I have heard the allegations, I don't believe they have done anything untoward, I've read some of the theories espoused as to why they have done wrong and they appear to come from people with very little understanding of how things work. Physical commodity trading can be somewhat complicated but I'll give you a simple example of how it works:
We have a commodity called "frozen pies"
There are currently 50,000 "frozen pies" in the world, stored in 5 primary distribution centres, new York (has 20,000), Berlin (5,000), Paris (5,000), London (8,000) and Manchester (12,000)
Each of these frozen pie storage facilities charge me 0.01p for each day I store a frozen pie there.
Most pies are eaten in the UK of which most are eaten in the north west
The "frozen pies" future is the right to buy or sell a frozen pie on the contract expiry date and the future trades for 12 monthly periods (sep12...sep13).
During the course of trading there are many things going on but for this exercise I will focus on 2 things:
Firstly the frozen pie producers and frozen pie retailers will want to fix there sale/purchase price...they can do that by buying and selling frozen pie futures. However the problem for the purchaser is that he might have his pies in a location that is too far away (in fact the price of the futures contract is based on the least desirable location, which will be NY in our example)
This is where the second thing comes in the physical trader, they will look at the location of all the frozen pies in the world and decide they want to own as many pies as they can as close to the most demand (north-west UK in this case) as possible - however they don't want to own the pies "outright" and "forever" they want to own them for as short a time as possible at the time of the highest anticipated demand. In our case we will assume frozen pie consumption is greatest during winter so the physical trader does something we call the "carry" or "cash and carry" trade in that they buy frozen pies in, say November and sell frozen pies in December, the difference between the buy and sell price should (hopefully) cover a lot of the cost of ownership of the frozen pies (remember I have to pay 0.01p per pie per day as well as my "financing" costs for having brought the pies outright and insurance against bindippers coming to nick me frozen pies). Now it's no good me just buying 1 frozen pie I want to "own" all the pies as close to demand as possible (I don't have unlimited money to just buy every pie)...I know the first pies I get will be based in NY, then Berlin, Paris, London and lastly Manchester so I know I have to "borrow" at least 20,000 frozen pie futures just to start to own a pie in Europe...then another 10,000 just to own a pie in the UK, and another 8,000 to just own a pie in Manchester...all the time my carry trade is paying me less and less as people become reluctant to sell me their pies in these locations. Once I own as many pies as I can I now (hopefully) "control" the frozen pie market, if you remember the pie retailer who fixed his frozen pie price would be given his pies in NY so he will come to the physical market and ask how he can swap the NY based pie for a Manchester pie and the physical trader will quote him a price (normally a little under how much it will cost him to ship from NY to Manchester), this may be more than he wants to pay so he might then ask how he could swap the NY pie for one in London, Paris etc. Come the December future delivery date the ownership of the pies moves to other physical trader(s) and on it goes.
Some people would look a this and scream "manipulation" but all I have done is try and "undercut" the transport firm...and it doesn't always work as I can attest
Sorry SWP ;)