For Russia to come out and say this is just stupid rhetoric. What about Russia using North Korean and Belarusian troops, or Iranian drones? Should Ukraine now declare war on those? Iranian drones for a start have killed many Ukrainian civilians.
Storm Shadow isn't a nuclear weapon, it's a bunker buster that so far has only been used on military targets which are coordinating attacks against Ukraine. Russia has targeted civilians in Ukraine so Ukraine is well within its rights and doctrine to attack Russian military targets in Russia with whatever weapons it has.
I seriously doubt that the Russians will now declare nuclear war on the UK because of a possibility that a UK chap punched a few numbers into a laptop and then the Ukrainians loaded a Storm Shadow onto a Ukrainian jet and fired it.
You'd have to be extremely naive to believe that the UK is not directly engaged in the war elsewhere whether by supplying intelligence or whatever. Why else have numerous western spy planes been flying over the Black Sea for the last few years? You can also bet that every western military satellite is sat above Eastern Ukraine and we aren't keeping that information for ourselves. It also wouldn't surprise me if special forces are operating on the ground.