During his presidential campaign, President Trump pledged to impose universal tariffs of 10–60% on all U.S. imports—a whopping $4.2 trillion in goods and services purchased from abroad in 2024. This was always a real possibility. The International Economic Emergency Powers Act gives the...
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The International Economic Emergency Powers Act
Legal Basis of Trump Tariffs: An Unprecedented Use of an Existing Law
Posted on
March 17, 2025
The administration justified the tariffs using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act or IEEP. This law was enacted in 1977 and grants the president authority to address
threats to national security and the economy. It allows immediate action without the need for investigations or review processes.
This marked the first time this law had been used to impose tariffs.
The new tariffs under the second-term Trump administration are based on the use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.
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The tariffs are being imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). The use of the IEEPA is significant because it is typically used for sanctions, not tariffs, and
no modern U.S. president has used it in this way. Unlike Section 301 or Section 232 tariffs, which require an investigation and specific findings, the IEEPA allows the president to impose trade measures immediately without a formal review process.
By Brett W. Johnson, Derek Flint, and T. Troy Galan 1. What? Tariff Rates and Legal Authority President Trump signed three executive orders imposing new tariffs against Canada, Mexico, and China, following through on prior campaign and post-inauguration promises. While implementation and...
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