one of the real problems (amongst a number of them) seems to be the differing interpritations of "clear and obvious" and when/how that is used.
For all fans the two none penalty incidents were "clear and obvious" penalties and for the ref to not give them is a "clear and obvious" mistake.
So how/when does the VAR officials deem that the ref has made a "clear and obvious" mistake as its my understanding it is only then that they will intervene and say to a ref he needs to change his decision.
Can clear and obvious ever be used in extremely marginal offside calls? For me no, as they are not clear and obvious to the naked eye. - contradictory to this however it is a black and white call (taking into account the camera speeds against the speeds the players are moving etc) so its certainly more clear than a foul with is a subjective call.
Maybe they need to do a number of things to help:
1. Re write the handball rule (or at least part of it - its an abomination as it stands.
2. Take out the clear and obvious statement - this goes hand in hand with the most crucial point in that VAR should be seen by ALL (esp ref's and its implementors) as something that is there to HELP not criticise a ref's performance - anyone who has ref'd any level of game from kids Sunday league right the way to the top should know what an extremely hard job it is. To this, VAR officials need to be stronger and not afraid to say to a ref - "having looked at the video evidence a number of times you have got to change your decision there." - this would especially apply to the penalty decisions which are possibly the hardest to judge
3. Re -write the offside rule - go back to the idea that there must be daylight between attacker and defender for it to be offside - Im no mathematician but this would give at least some margin of error in terms of movement of the player and camera speed. It wold also take out (mostly) the arguments about which part of the body is level/not level -it wold give the advantage to the attackers but surely thats what the whole world of football want to see anyway?
In no way is this 100% proof and fouls/penalties will always be subjective - i think its impossible for them not to be. Was Salah's a penalty - yes it was soft but then Luiz should not have hold of his shirt. Does it impede him? I know someone grabbing my short aint stopping me running in the direction I want to go -but Luiz shouldnt be doing it
Does a slight touch knock a player over running at speed of a sterling, sane, salah, martial etc - from experience it certainly does...it doesnt take much at the pace those guys are running to knock them over due to momentum - slow motion replays make it look theatrical (and sometimes it is lets not kid ourselves - players do it at times). There wasnt a single pundit who said the rodri one wasnt a penalty however -you have to (as a ref) look at that and go - "ok i made a mistake - and here is my final point - the people in charge need to come out and say this as they are doing their own (and the VAR systems) credibility huge damage