The conspiracy theorising that goes on with some anti-vaxxers is intriguing.
It reminds me a bit of the eschatological beliefs that can be found in some world faiths, namely, those that envisage the world as a cosmic battleground between the forces of good and evil. With the anti-vaxx movement, a shadowy global elite and big pharma appear to stand in for the powers of darkness.
I am additionally not persuaded by the anti-vaxxer claim that we are on a slippery slope that will culminate in the death of democracy and the institution of a new, authoritarian world order, for the simple reason that slippery slope arguments are not especially compelling anyway.
According to the sceptical author Michael Shermer, the slippery slope fallacy typically involves constructing a scenario in which one thing leads ultimately to an end so extreme that the first steps should never have been taken.
For example, ‘Eating Ben & Jerry’s ice cream will cause you to put on weight. Putting on weight will make you overweight. Soon, you will weigh 350 pounds and die of heart disease. Eating Ben & Jerry’s ice cream leads to death.’
Certainly eating ice cream may contribute to obesity, just as the introduction of rules to restrict the spread of Covid may temporarily curtail our freedoms, but the eventual consequences in each instance (physical death/the death of democracy) do not necessarily follow from the premise.
Lastly, twenty years ago Jon Ronson wrote a book about conspiracy theories called
Them: Adventures With Extremists. In it the author looks at different examples, such as ones involving the Bilderberg group, David Icke's view that the world is being taken over by shape-shifting alien lizards, and the claim made by some Muslim radicals that the West has got it in for Islam.
At the end of the book - if I remember it rightly - Ronson concludes by suggesting that conspiracy theories help those who subscribe to them to make sense of a world which might otherwise seem unstable, random, more than a little chaotic, and therefore threatening.
This seems plausible to me. With the anti-vaxxers, as with the examples mentioned in the previous paragraph, there sometimes is a factual component to the narrative that is latched onto and built upon. For example, isn't it occasional deaths from myocarditis/blood-clotting that have been highlighted when it comes to the vaccines?
But then this gets blown out of proportion. Of course, all treatments have a risk and, apparently, around 60% of deaths from allergic reactions are from medicines (often an antibiotic). Plus, anaesthesia is sometimes more dangerous than the surgery being undertaken. Nevertheless, this does not mean that antibiotics should be eschewed, nor should anaesthesia be avoided in surgery.
All in all then, where anti-vaxx beliefs get accompanied by a conspiracy theory, I do not find the content of the theory to be in any way convincing. Instead, it seems to me to be a classic case of people putting two and two together and making five.
For anyone wishing to look more deeply into this territory, in addition to Ronson's excellent book, I would recommend the following titles that are also highly readable and entertaining:
Will Storr Heretics:
Adventures With the Enemies of Science
Michael Shermer
Why People Believe Weird Things
Stephen Law
Believing Bullshit
An amusing extract from Law's book (he is a philosopher) entitled The Strange Case of Dave: Dogs are Spies from Venus, can be found here:
Dave believes dogs are spies from the planet Venus. He views any canine with great suspicion, for he believes they are here from Venus to do...
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