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Education Act
The 1944 Education Act was a major change to the education system of England and Wales. It introduced secondary education for all, raised the school leaving age to 15, and provided school meals and milk for all children. Alongside the 1946 National Health Service Act, the Education Act is widely regarded as one of the original pillars of the welfare state. It is perhaps ironic, then, that the Act was pushed through Parliament by a Conservative Minister, R.A. Butler.
A Conservative may have been the principal sponsor of the Education Act, but it was to be the Labour government of 1945-51 which was to oversee its implementation. A ‘crash course' teacher training certificate was introduced to train the new teachers needed, and a massive new school building programme undertaken. A ‘tripartite' system of secondary education was introduced, with grammar schools for those deemed to be academically able, secondary modern schools to teach ‘practical' subjects, and secondary technical schools to offer mechanical, scientific and engineering skills. An ‘eleven plus' aptitude test taken by all children at age 11 would decide which school a child attended.