The South Americans would be fine. The pitches in Argentina and Brazil are about 15 years behind and they have a huge pool of vindictive players who didn't quite make it to Europe hacking down any kid who looks like he could be the next big thing. You watch the documentary City did on Jesus a few years ago and he didn't even play on a proper pitch until he was 15, until then it was a bumpy patch of mud and sand.
In general I think most modern players would adapt to it quickly. At the end of the day, they have spent a lot more time being a professional than someone the same age from the 80s or 90s. They do a lot more training, with better coaches from a much younger age and as a result are much fitter, stronger and faster and better technically. That will show up on any pitch.