"If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear" George Orwell.
There are problems with this statement when it is invoked as an exceptionless moral principle or right.
First of all, an unlikely but hypothetical case: suppose that I am a chemist who inadvertently discovers a simple way to manufacture a highly lethal nerve gas from readily available kitchen products. Would it be acceptable for me to publicise the recipe online in a manner that might attract attention from terrorist organisations?
If that example sounds contrived, then what about Rex Feral's
Hit Man: A Technical Manual for Independent Contractors ? It was published in the USA and came to wider public attention when a real hit man followed instructions in the book to carry out an actual contract. That's an interesting example to research online, starting with the Wikipedia entry.
When it comes to the limits of free speech and a consideration of what it is appropriate or inappropriate to state in public, the most obvious line to be drawn is one described by the Victorian philosopher John Stuart Mill. Mill contrasts a newspaper article in which the author claims that corn dealers are starvers of the poor, and the same view spoken (or communicated via a placard) right outside a corn dealer’s house. The first is, for Mill, a controversial opinion that should be allowed to enter the public debate, even if the view is false or immoral; the second is, in those circumstances, an act of incitement to violence and unacceptable.
Interestingly, Trump arguably crossed that line during his presidential campaign. At Wilmington, North Carolina on August 9th 2016, he said this about Hillary Clinton: 'If she gets to pick her judges, nothing you can do folks. Although the Second Amendment people, maybe there is.'
Mill was probably thinking about incitement to
physical violence. But what of speech that amounts to relentless, psychological bullying? That often happens in schools. And what if the recipient of the bullying has a high physical pain threshold but is more sensitive to verbal assaults?
Cases of undeserved media witch hunts and the activities of online trolls also spring to mind, especially, in the latter instance, when they emanate from the darker corners of cyberspace.
My personal view is that there is probably no unambiguous or entirely satisfactory way to balance off the interests of those who are concerned about free expression and the right to offend, and those who might be on the receiving end of the worst examples of this.
Maybe it's a case of deploying Mill's principle as an initial yardstick or signpost and then coming to a more specific judgement about each case individually.