Luton Town (A) - Sun 10th Dec, 14:00 | Pre-Match Thread

Match Result Prediction


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Stages of Bone Stress Injuries, looks like minimum of 4 weeks?

There are three progressive stages of bone stress injuries:

  1. Bone strain/stress response: There are signs of bone stress on medical imaging but an athlete is not yet experiencing symptoms.
  2. Stress reaction: Bone stress injury is severe enough to cause localized pain on the bone, which aggravates with sporting activities. Athletes will often also experience tenderness to the touch.
  3. Stress fracture: The final stage of the bone stress continuum when a fracture or break in the bone develops, which can be seen on medical imaging. Typically pain is very pronounced in a clear localized area, and often bearing weight on the limb is enough to provoke pain.
Table 3: MRI grading scale

Management​

The cornerstone of treatment involves understanding and correcting the factors that caused the injury, and a two-phase approach consisting of modifying activities and resuming gradual return to sport is used.[25] The rehabilitation time for a low-risk bone stress injury may vary depending on whether it is a simple stress reaction versus an advanced stress fracture, but the average healing time is 6-8 weeks.[13]

Phase I: Pain control​

begins with pain control using analgesics along with physiotherapy treatment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be used due to their potential negative effect on bone healing.[26] Tolerable weight-bearing is possible for daily activities, but temporary discontinuation of playing a particular sport and modification of activities are needed in the initial management of low-risk BSIs to allow for tissue healing and to limit pathological progression.​

Phase II: Conditioning​

  1. Cardiovascular Endurance Training: Maintaining conditioning while recovering from a BSI is important for a smooth return to sport. Since endurance training athletes experience cardiovascular insufficiency within 2 weeks after the discontinuance of training, conditioning exercises must be introduced early.[27] There are many ways to sustain cardiovascular fitness while recovering from a BSI, like swimming, cycling, deep-water running, and antigravity treadmill training[28][29], etc.
  2. Dietary Modifications to improve bone health: Ensure Sufficient Intake of Calcium and Vitamin D. All athletes with BSIs should be evaluated to ensure enough calcium and vitamin D intake, preferably through diet. Target values published by the Institute of Medicine based on age and sex are as follows:

  • 600 IU of vitamin D daily is suggested for ages 9 to 70 years
  • 800 IU of vitamin D daily is recommended for > 71 years or older
  • 1300 mg of calcium daily for ages between 9 to 18 years.[30]

Phase III: Axial Loading Exercises​

Once an athlete is pain-free for five consecutive days of usual activities, they can start a specific graduated axial loading program that has the goal of introducing controlled, progressive loads to the injured site. There are several variations of graduated loading programs and they can be individually customized; normally involves 30-minute sessions separated by rest days. These types of exercises are essential to optimally load the bone so that it can tolerate repetitive, submaximal forces that occur with high-impact activities such as running. Below are a few examples of various exercises which can be incorporated into a cross-training program.​

  • Marching
  • single-leg squats or skater squat
  • Loaded carries with the hex bar
  • Biking
  • POGOS: Pogos are a really nice way to introduce impact along with being easy to measure. Keep a track of total contacts with the ground, or keep track of how many rounds the athlete did and for how long. For instance, start with three rounds of the 30s and count how many times total did athlete contact the ground. The goal would be to increase volume to a few sets performed two to three times a day as bone remodeling does better with small bouts of loading dispersed throughout the day versus a lot of volumes done all at once. Allow for adequate recovery and bone remodeling to take place by taking off days as needed.
  • Treadmill walking
  • High-intensity resistance training (HIRT)
  • Gait re-training [13]

High-risk BSIs require different management. It can vary from prolongation of activity modification to non-weight bearing, with or without a cast and/or surgical fixation.[31] Complete healing must be confirmed prior to return to play in order to prevent full fracture and other complications.[32]

Phase IV: Return to sport​

The first stage begins with walking for 30 minutes and progressing to increasing durations of jogging (running at 50% of normal pace) and decreasing the duration of walking. The second stage involves progressively increasing the pace of running until running for 30 minutes at a usual pace, with the third stage consisting of running on two consecutive days followed by a rest day. The final stage includes individualized running until complete return to desired running activities.[13]

Progress through every stage of the running program is determined by pain at the site of bone stress injury. If an athlete is able to complete a session with no pain and does not encounter latent symptoms (i.e. pain later that day/night or the next morning), they can safely proceed to the next level of the program with the knowledge that the injury is tolerating the load.[2] If, however, pain is experienced at the bone stress injury site they need to immediately stop the session and, at the next session, return to the previous level they were able to successfully complete. Progress is through the program is often linear; nevertheless, setbacks do occur, particularly early in the rehabilitation program when the pathology can be a little more finicky. The key is to progress only as fast as the pathology will allow by giving attention to pain provocation.[13]

Approximate return to sport timelines for male and female track and cross-country runners have been stated as follows:​

  • Grade 1: 11.4 weeks ( 4.5 weeks)
  • Grade 2: 13.5 weeks ( 2.1 weeks)
  • Grade 3: 18.8 weeks ( 2.9 weeks)
  • Grade 4: 31.7 weeks ( 3.7 weeks)[16]

Don’t mean to be a doom monger but I had the same injury when I was 30 and it was 10 weeks before I was running again - 12 before I played again. Although I wasn’t quite so well built and not quite so fit haha
 
Things i have learnt watching SLY so far in the last 20 mins.
Luton are a formidable team .
Kenilworth road is a formidable "stadium" for any team especially City to play football.
Sly are really more interested in the Spuds barcodes game if they were honest .
 
Personally think Nunes a worse buy than Philips, Nunes will down tools if Barca flutter their eyes at him
I don't think he's done much to attract the attention of Barcelona tbh, but sure they can have him straight swap we will have gundogan back.
 
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