Loans for Infrastructure are no different to a mortgage imo. You get one based on income & credit worthiness, adjustable by deposit size.
Imagine Ipswich Town applying for a £1.5bn commercial loan to build a 150000 capacity Super stadium, with a retractable roof & rotating pitch. Any sane lender would tell them to go fuck themselves!
HOWEVER, if their owner rocked up with £1.4bn of his own money & gave a personal guarantee by way of a charge against his personal assets of £50m & borrowed the £50m balance on a 25 year deal against the club, most lenders would probably snatch the owner's hand off.
If the owner went belly up, Ipswich Town would only be liable for £50m over 25 years to build this preposterous white elephant, which is easily achievable if they remain in the English Football League & the Premier League.
This way, clubs can dream as big as they like without putting their existences in peril. BUT the total annual servicable debt repayments levied against any club can never exceed ⅓ of their annual turnover. I can see no issues with a football governance proposal along these lines.