What does verse 5:33 say?
Verse 5:33 says, those who persist with their corruption of the earth shall be killed, crucified or exiled.
Then Verse 5:34 says, but if they repent forgive them.
Just say sorry, surrender, promise you won't do it again then you get a second chance, which indeed happened quite often of the wars. The only time that this became a complexity was the case of the Bani Quraizah. This tribe of Jews are allies to Muhammad, but they committed treason once, which Muhammad punished by means of exile, the leniest of the three actions mentioned in 5:33. The Jew tribe then sought forgiveness which Muhammad accepted and they again became allies even after being wronged once. But again before long, the tribe committed a second treason, and it became a crime of the state, a state shared by different faiths. Seeing the gravity of the crime, Muhammad elected a Jew tribe leader from an ally of the Quraizah, who employed the book of the Torah as the law because it was between Jews, and executed the tribe because by the Torah there was not a release clause. But it hindsight that guy could have been more compassionate I guess.
Then further down the line you read another verse that might concern you.
Verse 5:38 says, those who steal, amputate their limbs. Then Verse 5:39 says whoevers repents from his wrongdoing, forgive him.
This beats civil law to be fair. If you shoplift, you get sent to jail. But in the law above, if you repent and promise not to do it again, you are free to live and become a better person, all limbs accounted for.
The passage of verses talks about grim things yes, but these are deterrents that have escape clauses as well. Repent is tawba which in Arabic means to retreat from misdeeds. However, many tribes prescribe to these deterrents too literally and have no compassion to activate the escape clauses.