And if you don't pay it ?
The Islamic law is easily misunderstood, even by those who believe they are practicing it correctly, which is why the state mufti and its council shall present the edicts based on the context of that limited region. Let's talk about jizya.
If you don't pay it. You are refused stay in that state. It is a form of tax imposed on able men who can bear arms in times of war. When you pay jizya, you are not only exempted from being part of the Islamic military, but also protected from enemies of the jizya payer, even when the enemy is an ally of the muslim leaders.
Jizya is a tax paid yearly by men who have reached puberty. It is the only tax imposed on non-muslim citizens of the state, which is also valued far less than the zakat paid by muslims. The zakat is valued at approximately the amount of rice you can hold in both cupped hands. Yearly. So basically you pay a zakat, or jizya which is relatively less, at a value of two cups of rice, or bread, or corn, per year. I pay my zakat each year, which is roughly around 3-5quid I can't remember. It is so low that I prefer to overpay because the money goes back to the poor and needy.
The jizya is compulsory but not overburdening. It is only asked from those who afford to pay, and those who are not people of the cloth of the different Abrahaman religions. If they cannot pay then the state will use compassionate grounds to pay for the unable. However, if the person can pay yet refuse to, then he is exploiting the state and its benefits and is not being communal. They are to be refused stay, or they can join the military. There are records where some refuse to pay because they want to be part of the military itself, this is their choice if they so wish such as the case of al-Jurajima. There is also a clear record of jizya being returned to their payees (Christian Arabs) because the state realised that the impending Roman army was too big to protect the non-muslims and muslims from, so they returned the jizya because they thought it unethical to take money for what they can't provide in return. The state still went to war against the Romans but the Christian arabs wished the Islam army victory against the Romans.
The jizya was an instrument of peace between the many faiths of the Arab world. Those who pay for jizya only pay for the jizya, there are no other taxes. The same with muslims who pay the zakat, there is no discrimination and many faiths lived in harmony and protection.
Compare the jizya with the taxes we pay today. Every time you buy a coffer you pay VAT, when you earn your salary a big chunk is taken from it. My tax is at least 1200 quid per year. Compare that to my zakat at 4 quid. When I was in the States and selling my books, I have to pay all these taxes. I also know of mates who got in trouble with the IRS for not paying their taxes. Even Messi is given jail term for 2 years. That's the tax we all pay today in the modern concept of tax. The jizya and the zakat for thousands of years have not changed in value.
Let's not go there, it's a family show. :)
If they refuse to pay when they are able to do so, they are simply refused part of the community and refusing to perform what is nowadays we call 'social responsibility' to provide for those who cannot provide for themselves. That is selfish. So they cannot cultivate land, breed animals, sell goods and exploit the poor people of the community. They are simply driven out. I don't know what you are implying but it seems you are an expert in this so please enlighten us.