It was more complex than the west failed to engage with Yeltsin. Yeltsin was total unsuitable as a leader. I remember one occasion when he was too pissed to get off a plane for a state visit. His lack of leadership, favouring of oligarchs and general ineptitude led to a situation where a malign actor like Putin was able to subvert the fledgling democracy that was forming there.
Once Putin was in place there was plenty of engagement from the rest of the world in spite of Chechnya, Georgia and various other situations that Putin caused. They were even given the World Cup four years after they first invaded Ukraine.
There’s only one place to point the real blame and nothing the west has done in the intervening years made it more or less likely to lead us where we are now.