The problem with black-on-black violence, however, can often be traced back to the same starting points. Violence and particularly gang violence is more likely to occur in poorer communities (you saw the same thing in poor white communities like Glasgow in the past). Because of unequal opportunities (many historical, but some current), black people are more likely to live in those poorer communities. Because of unequal policing, they are more likely to get caught for those infringements and end up in the criminal justice system, which further reduces their opportunities (especially in America, but a criminal record isn't going to help anywhere). They are therefore more likely to turn to things like drug dealing and other criminal activities where you can make money and status quickly (the basic psychology of young men everywhere). And then are more likely to get caught up in the associated violence. So even when talking about black-on-black violence, we're often still talking about institutionalized racial discrimination as well as the class system as major contributing factors. Incidentally, I think in the UK they would do far better to focus on the class issues rather than the race ones, because I think they're actually a more important factor and if dealt with, would deliver the biggest improvement in prospects for black people.