Germany’s history provides background to their apparent foot dragging in the supply of arms.
1. Germany, as the aggressor, was responsible (directly or indirectly) for millions of Russian deaths in two world wars and this still lies heavy on their national conscience.
2. A large slice of the German population was brought up along soviet lines in DDR. That culture will take at least a generation to change.
3. Ostpolitik was German’s most important foreign policy for 50 years. That led to a trading relationship with Russia that was important for both countries, principally, but not exclusively, based around the energy sector.
The upshot of these factors is to make German military support for Ukraine a difficult political balancing act. A recent survey showed that 30% of Germans believe that NATO was wholly or partly to blame for the invasion; that is, they accept that Russia genuinely felt under pressure from NATO’s activities in former client states.
In discussing Germany’s contributions to Ukraine, it is worth bearing in mind their sensibilities on their now broken relationship with Russia.