From "The Analyst":
REFINERY STRIKES HAVE BEEN EXCEPTIONALLY SURGICAL
The slow moving drones the Ukrainians have been using to target Russian refineries in the last few days are clearly being controlled somehow from a distance.
The latest videos of some four quite sizeable drones propelled by a single rear mounted engine and propeller, can clearly be heard on approach. All of the videos showed the drones heading for specific sectors of the refinery.
These don’t just head at the target, they actually circled it and came in for an optimised attack.
What they have been hitting is a very significant and expensive piece of the refinery process - what amounts to the distillation towers - sometimes known as the cracking plant.
Oil in crude form has various consistency depending on where it comes from. For example North Sea crude is considered a ‘light, sweet’ crude, whereas Venezuela produces a heavy sulphurous crude that requires a lot of refining and blending with other types of oil to make it useable.
The distillation or cracking plant, consists of heating processes and chemical mixing that breaks down the crude into heavy fuels, such as heating oil and diesel, through to petrol, aviation fuel and naphtha, all of which are much lighter - these rise to the top of the towers and are siphoned off into separate pipes and tanks for further processing or distribution.
It’s an almost non-stop process. These plants and their towers, pumps, filters, heaters and tanks are incredibly complex pieces of equipment, consisting of kilometres of pipes and expensive alloy tubing that’s resistant to intense chemical corrosion, are very expensive to manufacture and maintain, but critical - without it the entire refinery is useless. So while the refinery may look like it’s only taken a little damage - most refineries are crude tanks and distribution pre-processing, then tanks of post-processed fuels- what has been hit is the key to the entire operation.
Without it the refinery is dead. These attacks have been exceptionally damaging and in the words of a Russian observer, ‘they’ve hit the towers at Ryazan refinery, that means it’s totally stuffed, they got it.’ He obviously knew how the process worked and he sounded deeply upset about it!
Should have thought about that before you started this war!
Slava Ukraini !