Since it became more civilised in the late 19th century, the law in this country has always recognised that young people can make mistakes, sometimes grave ones, and has punished less severely as a consequence. Look at the Derek Bentley case in the 1950’s as an example.
There are three principal public policy reasons for this: Firstly, it is recognised that people in their teens are less responsible for their actions than those in their their 20’s and beyond. Their minds, whilst understanding right from wrong, are less capable of appreciating the consequences of their actions. Secondly, it is also recognised that people of that age are more capable of change than older, more recidivistic individuals whose antisocial behaviour and habits are more ingrained. Thirdly, it is further recognised that a greater degree of understanding towards someone who is legally a child than an adult is a hallmark of a civilised society.
Some child criminals go on to become serious adult offenders, but others can change and contribute enormously to society, even some who were inveterate and serious offenders as children. A society that refuses to provide someone that young with the meaningful opportunity to learn from their mistakes, and try and atone for them, is not worthy of being called civilised in my view.
That doesn’t mean they shouldn’t be punished, but any punishment should be less severe than for an adult, and the circumstances that gave rise to the offending should be more readily taken into account than an older person who should be held more accountable for their actions, without being afforded the opportunity to point the finger elsewhere.
Some people may see this as being soft, but that is either because they lack the mental acuity to appreciate the point I am advancing, or that if they do, they suffer from any discernible sign of humanity or compassion.